Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Questions - Essay Example It has been accounted for that GhostNet took a shot at sake of the Chinese government. This gathering makes the objective PCs download the noxious programming and gives control of PCs to aggressors. The US branch of Defense has been assaulted so often by this gathering (Lord and Sharp, 2011). Digital aggressors focus on the significant authority sites for penetrating the significant information. Dangers of PC security are creative, which are utilized to hurt the person just as business PC frameworks. For instance, the PC system of the White House was penetrated by programmers on October 2012. They utilized the lance phishing assault. Another occurrence happened when administrative IT staff of Canada was tricked by programmers as giving them access to PCs of government workplaces. Along these lines, the programmers got the entrance of the administration frameworks (Websene, 2012). Both, people and organizations can introduce the borders firewalls, which grant just the approved clients to get to the system. The system can be shielded from the assault â€Å"Denial of administration â€Å"by utilizing the edge firewalls. An individual or business arrange director ought to design the email servers to evacuate or obstruct the connection of messages, which are utilized to spread the infections, and other, numerous assaults. People and organizations must keep the reinforcements of their significant information (Symantec Corporation, 2011). It is presumed that the data security is significant from both inside and outside assailants. So also, the information security from mixed assaults must be guaranteed for the two people and

Case Summary Golden Bear International in Mexico Essay Example

Case Summary Golden Bear International in Mexico Essay Example Case Summary Golden Bear International in Mexico Paper Case Summary Golden Bear International in Mexico Paper Brilliant Bear expected to complete a drawn out vertical coordination which included furnishing Joint endeavors with global accomplices to possess and work Jack Nicolas Signature Golf Courses worldwide that instead of Just selling counseling administrations. Other than Golden Bear International, Group Skis venture additionally relied upon GET information site. For the attractive quality as an excursion resort, the area proposed for the undertaking found under 50 miles south of Mexico City, and quickly northwest of the primary pueblo of the district of Deponent. The corporate accomplice for the proposed El Deportee venture included Group KS, he fundamental turn of events and speculation accomplice, GET Data Systems and Golden Bear International. Gathering KS was supported by unmistakable Mexican businessmen and by state and government PRI lawmakers in Occurrence and Mexico City. The job of Golden Bear International Is Important for two reasons: the eminence credited to Nicolas courses would draw in private and recreational offices; the area of the course that Golden Bear configuration was master earth well disposed course. The task got solid state government backing and nearby help. Mother Vernon saw the task as a potential advancement post for the express, some saw it as a model of naturally supportable turn of events. The administration viewed the undertaking as significant pull in to outside business to Mexico. Furthermore, the task additionally required nearby government support with city endorsement to rezone a portion of the 900 sectio ns of land from agrarian use to use for private and the travel industry purposes. From the neighborhood network side, the task was seen as a blessing from paradise for the individuals of Deponent with positive effect on network of Deponent. Gathering KS guaranteed that the finished undertaking would produce $1 1 9,000 in yearly city property charges, which would have permitted Deponent to update Its out of date and falling water and wastewater Infrastructure. Nonetheless, the venture was gotten the nearby resistance and doubt also. It discharge ten Issues sun as financial Issues, Lana Issues, ecological Ana social issues. The principle worried about the monetary issues was that some contended that the Jobs that task offered were commonly not reasonable or attractive for the Deportee people group. Since the biggest populaces of the nearby were secondary school graduates, it was accepted that the majority of the Jobs would be modest worker or servant type positions. The nearby resistance was framed regarding an absence of regard for the privilege of the network. They guaranteed that such Jobs would neither accommodate a practical economy nor appropriate utilize the accomplished youngsters in the town. Alluded to the ecological issues, rivals contended that the fairway would use in any event half of the towns constrained water flexibly to water the Renee as the course would be situated at the intersection of the three springs upstream from Depopulate. The social issues for the undertaking were the casual network administration in Depopulate and nearby self-rule. Casual people group initiative depended on the eight barrio celebrations through an affliction framework. The significance of such celebrations can't be thought little of for giving qualification among Deportees and the remainder of the world. Another social issue alluded to neighborhood self-rule as far as a practically hallowed self-sufficiency versus outside inconvenience. This independence was about the aerodrome framework since it required long haul inhabitants conceived in Depopulate however not impermanent guests. At the last, since the undertaking pulled in numerous Deportees in the satellite network, it was seen as a wrong type of advancement for their locale. Positions and plant specialists were not useful for horticultural laborers and little scope ranchers. Additionally, Nags, for example, Greengrocer affected the neighborhood restrictions thinking and approaches to battle the engineers for offering outer political help and logical investigations about the natural impacts of fairways.

Management Accounting :: essays research papers

The board Accounting II FCB Bakery Shop Official Summary FCB Bakery is a claim to fame nourishment retailer. FCB utilizes a framework that is like RotiBoy Bakery to give Mexican buns in a quick and time-effective way. FCB gives its clients the capacity to request and purchase the bun without holding up in long line. FCB is offering less expensive proposals to the RotiBoy. FCB offers its supporters the best Mexican buns, represent considerable authority in claim to fame espressos. Moreover, FCB will guarantee the supporters snatch their newly made buns straight on the spot immediately. Regularly, TDP will include different flavors, for example, chocolate, cheddar and more flavors. FCB will concentrate on two markets: The Daily Commuter-somebody heading out to/from work, out shopping, conveying products or administrations, or simply out for a drive. The Captive Consumer-somebody who is in a confined situation that doesn't permit advantageous flight and return while looking for finger nourishment, or where finger nourishment are a vital piece of the earth. FCB will infiltrate the suburbanite and hostage buyer showcases by finding their premises in the most coherent and open areas. The area are painstakingly chosen in a two-sided traffic and selling the buns in less time than required for a little while to the locally confectionary shop. Notwithstanding giving a quality item and a broad delightful buns, to guarantee client mindfulness, just as great exposure inclusion and media support, we will utilize expression of mouths procedure dependent on client positive criticism. The FCB's money related picture is very encouraging. Since FCB is working a money business, the underlying expense is fundamentally not exactly many new businesses nowadays. The procedure is work escalated and FCB perceives that a more significant level of ability is required. The money related interest in its representatives will be probably the best differentiator among it and FCB's opposition. With the end goal of this money planning, the capital uses of offices and gear are financed. There will be least stock available in order to maintain the item new and to exploit value drops, when and in the event that they ought to happen. The risk in having direct contenders would ascend and build up a toehold on a network previously - or amidst - the appearance of FCB, causing a potential for a channel on incomes and a sensational increment in publicizing uses to keep up piece of the pie. Knowing these dangers - and making arrangements for them- - gives FCB the edge expected to make this situation work. The anticipated benefits assesses a benefit of $166,004 for the main year, $157,309 for second year and income of $147,754 on the third year. The board Accounting :: papers inquire about papers The board Accounting II FCB Bakery Shop Official Summary FCB Bakery is a claim to fame nourishment retailer. FCB utilizes a framework that is like RotiBoy Bakery to give Mexican buns in a quick and time-proficient way. FCB gives its clients the capacity to request and purchase the bun without holding up in long line. FCB is offering less expensive proposals to the RotiBoy. FCB offers its supporters the best Mexican buns, work in forte espressos. Also, FCB will guarantee the supporters snatch their newly made buns straight on the spot immediately. Regularly, TDP will include different flavors, for example, chocolate, cheddar and more flavors. FCB will concentrate on two markets: The Daily Commuter-somebody making a trip to/from work, out shopping, conveying products or administrations, or simply out for a drive. The Captive Consumer-somebody who is in a limited domain that doesn't permit helpful flight and return while looking for finger nourishment, or where finger nourishment are a basic piece of the earth. FCB will infiltrate the suburbanite and hostage buyer showcases by finding their premises in the most intelligent and open areas. The area are painstakingly chosen in a two-sided traffic and selling the buns in less time than required for a little while to the locally confectionary shop. Notwithstanding giving a quality item and a broad delectable buns, to guarantee client mindfulness, just as great exposure inclusion and media support, we will utilize expression of mouths technique dependent on client positive criticism. The FCB's money related picture is very encouraging. Since FCB is working a money business, the underlying expense is altogether not exactly many new businesses nowadays. The procedure is work escalated and FCB perceives that a more significant level of ability is required. The budgetary interest in its workers will be perhaps the best differentiator among it and FCB's opposition. With the end goal of this money planning, the capital consumptions of offices and hardware are financed. There will be least stock available in order to maintain the item new and to exploit value drops, when and on the off chance that they ought to happen. The risk in having direct contenders would ascend and set up a solid footing on a network previously - or amidst - the appearance of FCB, causing a potential for a channel on incomes and a sensational increment in publicizing uses to keep up piece of the pie. Knowing these dangers - and making arrangements for them- - gives FCB the edge expected to make this situation work. The anticipated benefits assesses a benefit of $166,004 for the main year, $157,309 for second year and income of $147,754 on the third year.

Coalition Application Essay Topics

Coalition Application Essay TopicsIf you are looking for a college essay writing experience that is low cost and requires little time, then you should consider a coalition application essay topic that has these three core elements. This will help you not only with essay topics but also help you with the process of writing your college essays and can even benefit you with college essay writing assignments.The first thing that you should be very careful about when you are writing your essay is to make sure that you are not too dependent on any one topic. In other words, make sure that you have more than one topic. If you have a coalition application essay topics with the one topic, then you will have to make sure that you are not using it in all of your essays.There are some topics that are highly applicable to real life situations that may affect you. In fact, there are even topics that are irrelevant to you but which will greatly help your teachers with the required information that you are going to be required to give.In addition, you need to make sure that you are being very careful with the style of writing. Remember that there are some topics that are going to give you questions from your teachers or their research experts. In fact, these topics can be your professors' questions so make sure that you are being careful with your style and structure.The next thing that you need to do is to make sure that you are organizing your essays to fit your essay topics so that you do not forget any information. For example, if you have a coalition application essay topics with some topics that are irrelevant to you, you need to make sure that you are being very careful with your organizational skills. Make sure that you organize your essay topics in the order that you want to finish and make sure that your essay format is organized the way that you would like to have it.Finally, remember that it is important to read your essay topics over again so that you can see if y ou can rework them so that they are more applicable to your needs. You should always make sure that you have these coalition application essay topics. This will help you with essay writing assignments and may even help you with your future college essays as well.Overall, you need to make sure that you are taking advantage of the various topics that are available to you by creating a portfolio of different topics that you have used to write your college essays. This will give you the chance to create a portfolio for future college essay writing classes and it will allow you to get feedback that will help you with your future college essays.

Social Class In William Faulkners Barn Burning - 776 Words

William Faulkner once said, â€Å"We must be free not because we claim freedom, but because we practice it.† This quote is valid in William Faulkner’s short story, Barn Burning, as it demonstrates the difference in social classes and how their status affects the decisions they make. This is evident in Sarty’s response to his father’s actions, the condition in which Sarty’s family lives in and the treatment his family receives, and Sarty’s choices that evidently forced Sarty to betray someone he cares about or be true to himself. The story Barn Burning centralized around a boy name Sarty and his tenant farmer family, forcing Sarty to make a choice between his morality or the bond between him and his father. The short story Barn Burning†¦show more content†¦An example that Faulkner demonstrates that the unequal social classes affect how a person act is when De Spain sue the Snopes for ruining his expensive rug which requires him to pay 20 bushels of corn. This is evident when Abner’s wife screamed Abner! No! No! Oh, God. Oh, God. Abner! to show that barn burning is one of the family’s biggest problem. If Abner manages to burn down De Spain’s barn they would have to move again after just four days of arriving at their current place. In this instance, Abner knows that Sarty would most likely to tell De Spain that he is planning to burn his barn because of Sarty’s morality. In the story Barn Burning, Faulkner uses the Snopes to display that social classes affect how a person sometimes acts or behave to a certain extent. William Faulkner uses the literary of conflict when he decided to make Sarty choose between morality or blood bonds. This will lead to Sarty telling De Spain what is to come â€Å"Barn! Barn!† and in the end, Sarty â€Å"sat now, his back to what he had called home for four days now†(Faulkner). This affects the story because it shows the highlight turn of event in which Sarty decided to reason rather than blood ties. It is evident that the actions of the Justice of the Peace, De Spain, Abner Snopes and others that made Sarty decided to do what he did. Before this all happen, Sarty making his own decision, Sarty choosing his path, De Spain rides out with his gun,Show MoreRelatedBoth sides of the Coin in William Faulkner’s short story, Barn Burning812 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story, â€Å" Barn Burning,† the character Abner Snopes, who is Sarty’s father as well as a main character of the story, stands out the most compared to other characters because of Faulkner’s description with a sense of irony and critic. Faulkner presents multifaceted characteristics in Abner Snopes that makes the readers think beyond the view of the narrator based on logics and circumstances in Abner’s conditions. The setting of ‘‘Barn Burning’’ is the post-Civil War South, theRead MoreWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner s Life1128 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner is more than a famous Mississippi writer. He is a renowned figure, not only for Southern writers, but for writers throughout the world. Faulkner drew the scenes and characters for his novels and short stories from observations made during his childhood and adult life in his hometown, Oxford, Mississippi. During what is generally considered his period of greatest artistic achieve ment, a span of forty years, from 1929 to 1942, Faulkner accomplished more than most writers accomplishRead MoreAnalysis of Barn Burning Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Faulkners story Barn Burning occurs in the fictive Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi. It is a story set in the 1930s, a decade of the Great Depression when social and economic problems existed. Barn Burning is a story about social inequality, in particular with the rich land owning family de Spain in contrast to the poor tenant farming ways of the Sartoris family. Abner is the father in the family. He is a cold deviant man. His family is constantly moving around because of theRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 Pagesshort stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his stories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s stories create a mood to makeRead MoreWilla Cathers Issues with Realism and The Barn Burner, Paragraphs1059 Words   |  4 Pages1. Willa Cather 2. Willa Cather and the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne 3. The Barn Burner 4. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner 1. Willa Cather seems to take issue with the bland and boring nature of realism above all else. She notes that realism is not in itself an artistic expression, yet so many art forms from literature to paintings—particularly from her time period—portray little more than the realism of our world. In her mind, the literalness that is realism can be successfullyRead MoreComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily William Faulkner has written some of the most unique novels and short stories of any author, and, to this day, his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Both â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† tell about the life of southern people and their struggles with society, but Faulkner used the dramatic settings of these two stories to create a mood unlike any other and make the audience feel like they too were a part of these southernRead MoreAnalysis Of William Faulkner s Barn Burning 1406 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s ‘Barn Burning’, is the tale of a young man by the name of Colonel â€Å"Sarty† Sartoris Snopes, his father, Abner â€Å"Ab† Snopes, and the difference between right and wrong. The story commences in a courtroom, where Ab is on trial for burning a barn. Young Sarty is called to the stand to testify as to what took place, until the plaintiff told the judge he did not want him to question the young chil d. However, Sarty was unsure of the decision he would make if he was questioned. Sarty wasRead MoreEssay about Cultural Criticism of Barn Burning by William Faulkner811 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Criticism of Barn Burning by William Faulkner In William Faulkners Barn Burning, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a racist society. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkners setting is one of the most important literary elements in the story. He takes a young black boy and puts him in a real world of chaos and disorder. In the South, race is one of theRead More Setting in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Viewing on Barn Burning William Faulkner’s use of a setting in a short story, such as â€Å"Barn Burning†, effected the entire outcome of the story from start to finish. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a harsh world. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkner’s setting is one of the most important literary elements that help the audience understand theRead MoreBarn Burning By William Faulkner935 Words   |  4 Pages William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning,† is about a southern white family that resides in a rural county in Mississippi. The low-income family members are the mother Lennie Snopes, the older brother, two sisters, and an aunt. The story’s main characters are, Colonel Sartoris Snopes, a 10- year-old boy, the father Abner Snopes, the property owner Abner’s boss Major de Spain, and his wife, Mrs. Lula de Spain. Abner Snopes characterized as the antagonist, and Faulkner describes him as an evil, vengeful man

A Study On The Work Of A Teacher At Harvard University Essay

Harvard ( university ) revealed in late August involved a take-home final exam in an undergraduate course with 279 students. The university has not held hearings on the charges, which may take months to resolve.Officials said similarities in test papers suggested that nearly half the class had broken the rules against plagiarism and working together; some of the accused students said their behavior was innocent, or fell into gray areas. Mr mccabe a teacher at harvard university , went around the country and have found that most college students see working with others, even when it is against the rules, as a minor offense or no offense at all. Nearly half take the same view of paraphrasing or copying someone else’s work without attribution and most high school teachers and college professors surveyed fail to pursue some of the violations they find. Who is to blame Experts say that along with students, schools and technology, parents are also to blame. They cite surveys and the work of researchers like Jean M. Twenge, author of the book â€Å" Generation to me .† to make the case that since the 1960s, parenting has shifted away from emphasizing obedience, honor and respect for authority to promoting children’s happiness while stoking their ambitions for material success.â€Å"We have a culture now where we have real trouble accepting that our kids make mistakes and fail, and when they do, we tend to blame someone else,† said Tricia Bertram Gallant( she is the author ofShow MoreRelatedAcademic Movie Writing (the Great Debators)1087 Words   |  5 Pageslength of the movie is 124 minutes. The audio of the movie is Dolby Digital 5.1. The video of this movie is Anamorphic Widescreen 2.35:1. The One part of the movie is about the relationship between teacher and students. It is quite attractive and interesting. The statement of the relationship between teacher and students reflects on the teacher’s teaching way, communicating with the students, kindness on the students and keeping the right way of the students. The director attempted to portray the themeRead MoreStanley Milgram s Theory Of Social Psychology1098 Words   |  5 PagesMilgram earned his doctorate degree from Harvard University and he was taught from a clever instructor Gordon Allport. At Harvard University he majored in social psychology which was mixed with a lot of social psychology, sociology, anthropology, and clinical psychology (Blass, 2004). After attending Harvard Milgram became an assistant teacher at Yale University. Furthermore, while Milgram was at Yale he did many psychological experiments. However one study that Milgram did that he received a lotRead MoreThe Behavior Is A Learned Habit988 Words   |  4 Pagesat their age? Have you ever stopped to wonder why? Children are like sponges, absorbing everything around them whether it is positive or negative. According to American behaviorist, B.F. Skinner, â€Å"all behavior is a learned habit†. As an aspiring teacher and (someday!) mother, that statement can be scary because I know none of my behaviors are golden. Fortunately, Skinner created an operant conditioning chart (also known as the â€Å"Skinner Box†) which consists of three consequences: positive reinforcementRead MoreThe History of Harvard University1189 Words   |  5 Pages Harvard University is a private Ivy League college in Cambridge, Massachusetts whose history, impact and riches have made it a standout amongst the most prestigious colleges on t he planet. Founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts assembly and before long named for John Harvard (its first supporter), Harvard is the United States most seasoned foundation of education, and the Harvard Corporation is its first contracted company. Harvard University is given to incredibleness in instructingRead MoreSexism : A Worldwide Problem1495 Words   |  6 Pagesis pursuing engineering as a career. She is taking high level math classes along with high level science classes. However, lately, she noticed that teachers have been questioning her ability to perform well in class because she is a girl and also mentioning that her lower test scores are probably due to the hormones in her brain. One of the teachers made a comment that engineering is not for girl and she should pursue culinary instead. Natalie does not know that she became a victim of sexism. ManyRead MoreEducation And The Current System Of Teaching966 Words   |  4 PagesHere, I have put together a summary of five such monumental events and influential people which I consider the most important regarding schooling and education in the U.S.. Starting with the first establishment of higher education in the U.S., Harvard University, and the first public library, set up in 1698 in South Carolina, and the evolution controversy, which has been ongoing since 1925, and significant figures including John Locke, and Christian von Wolff, the following text describes their importanceRead MoreEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 PagesIvan Pavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. WhileRead MoreChristopher I Ready For Bed1429 Words   |  6 Pagesoccupied for the last eleven years. In our condo, my study room also happens to be my bedroom and the space where I spend most of my time eating, sleeping, and studying. We conducted our interview here in my room. Christopher happens to have a unique perspective regarding college and many different kinds of ideas about high school, which makes him a great interviewee, and also for a great interview. Christopher attended Michigan State University and graduated with a degree in Zoology (no Zoo inRead MoreThe B Dubois s Impact On American Society904 Words   |  4 PagesBurghardt DuBois was born to Alfred Alexander DuBois and Mary Sylvina Burghardt-DuBois. Born and raised in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, DuBois was educated alongside Caucasian children and taught by white teachers as well. In 1885 he migrated to Nashville, Tennessee to attend Fisk University (â€Å"W.E.B DuBois.†). While at Fisk, DuBois encountered irrational racism and Jim Crow laws for the first time. According to Derrick Alridge, DuBois focused â€Å"†¦ on philosophy, history, and poverty. It was at thisRead MoreB. Du Bois1593 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor, speaker, teacher, protester, sociologist, historian, certainly a renaissance man in the truest sense of the phrase. As an author, many of his writings have been very influential, from the time they were released and still to this day. As a speaker, Du Bois was often outspoken and made it a point to be clear where he stood on an issue. Du Bois the teacher was a very intelligent man who was growing into his views, and this time in his life would help shape his future works. The field where

Usefulness of the IFRS-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Identify the Principal types of Non-Current (fixed) asset owned by your Chosen Company depending on the company chosen, these may be Intangibles or Tangibles, or both if there are many different types of Non-Current asset, restrict your report to the three most significant types of asset. Answer: Introduction The present report demonstrates the importance of fair value and measurement in the statement of financial positions of business organizations. The term fair value as per the IASB is the price realized by selling an asset or paid through transfer of a liability in a transaction occurring between the market participants on the date of measurement (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). For the purpose, the report presents an analysis of the company having equity share capital listed on a stock exchange. The company selected for the purpose is Wesfarmers Limited operating in the retail sector of Australia. The report, in this context, identifies the major type of fixed assets of a selected company and discusses the problems faced by it for assessing the fair value of these identified assets. In addition to this, the report carries out a critical analysis of whether the IASB approach to fair value measurement is practical for businesses having non-current assets that are not actively tr aded on broad markets. IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement The IASB has developed and adopted the approach to measure fair value in its International Financial Reporting Standard of IFRS 13. The IFRS 13 has defined the fair value as a price that is received for selling an asset or is paid for transferring a liability. The IFRS 13 provides a standard framework to business entities regarding the measurement of fair value. The standard is based on measuring fair value on the basis of market rather than using entity-specific measurement (Abdalrahim and Hammad, 2015). The main objective behind the development of IFRS 13 by IASB is to enhance the consistency and comparability in measurement of fair value. The business entities for assessing the fair value should appropriately determine the respective assets or liabilities whose fair values are to be assessed. However, in the case of measuring the fair value of a fixed asset, the entities should select the valuation premise that is appropriate for its measurement. The business entities under IFRS 1 3 should also determine the major market for the asset or liability by taking into consideration the availability of data within the market that would be used by the participants at the time of pricing an asset or liability (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2017). The IFRS 13 standard also incorporates specific guidelines for providing guidance to business entities in relation to the measurement of fair value. The business entities are required to consider the asset condition and the location and any type of limitations imposed on the sale and asset use. Also, the measurement of fair value requires an orderly transaction to take place between the participants within the market on the date of measuring the assets or liabilities. The fair value of a liability states the non-performance risk that takes into account the credit risk of a business entity. The business enterprises should also use appropriate valuation techniques for measuring the fair value of an asset or liability (Christensen and Nicolaev, 2011). The main purpose the valuation technique is to predict the actual price at which an organized business contract for selling an asset or transferring a liability ocuurs. The main valuation techniques used for measuring the fair value of an asset are market approach, cost approach and income approach. The market approach incorporates the use of price and other information available in the market for carrying out orderly transactions. On the other hand, the cost approach uses the current replacement cost that would be required for replacing the serving ability of an asset. However, the income approach depicts the recent fluctuations in the market by transferring the future amount of cash flows unto a single amount (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). Major types of Non-current (fixed) asset owned by Wesfarmers Limited The non-current assets of a business entity refer to the long-term investments made by it such as in property, plant and equipment. The term non-current asset is used mainly to depict the assets that cannot be easily liquidated, that is they cannot be easily converted into cash. On the other hand, the current assets refer to the assets that can be easily liquidated such as cash or bank accounts (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). The non-current assets of Wesfarmers Limited are described in the present section of the report. Wesfarmers, a recognized retail company of Australia has described its type of non-current assets in the notes to financial statements section of its annual report. The major types of non-current assets recognized by the company are as follows: Freehold Land: The freehold land is categorized by the company under non-current asset of property. As depicted form the balance sheet of the company, the initial value of freehold land at the beginning of the financial year was $1,547m. The subsequent addition to its value of $118 m was made during the year. The acquisition of its controlled entities increased its value to $49m and foreign exchange movements also raised its value by $3m. On the other hand, disposals and write-offs decreased its value by $247m. Thus, at the end of the financial year the value of freehold land was $1,470m. The fair value of freehold land was measured by the company with the use of cost approach as stated by IFRS 13 standard. The cost of the asset has included all the cost of replacing parts subjected to capitalization and also includes the cost of major inspections. The freehold land non-current asset is not subjected to depreciation and amortization (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Buildings: The buildings represent another type of non-current asset owned by Wesfarmers as depicted in its balance sheet in the annual report of the company. The net carrying amount of buildings at the beginning of the financial year 2016 is $928m. The subsequent additions increased its value by $272m and acquisition of controlled entities further raised its value by $29m. On the other hand, the disposal, write-offs, depreciation, transfers between classes and foreign exchange movements decreased its value. The net carrying amount at the end of the financial year is $926m. The carrying value of the buildings is measured as the cost of asset minus deprecation and impairment. The fair value of buildings is measured through the use of cost approach in accordance with the IFRS 13 standard. The deprecation is calculated through the use of straight-line basis method and estimated useful life of buildings is assessed to be between 20-40 years (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). Goodwill: The goodwill is depicted as intangible non-current asset in the balance sheet of Wesfarmers Limited. The net carrying amount of the goodwill as depicted in the balance sheet of the company is $14,708m. The acquisition of controlled entities has increased the value of goodwill. On the other hand, the impairment charge and foreign exchange movements have decreased the value of goodwill. Thus, the net carrying amount of the goodwill at the end of the financial year is $14,448m. The fair value of goodwill is measured by the use of cost approach. The cost is measured as the cost of business combined by deducting the net fair value of acquired and identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. The accumulated impairment losses are deducted from the cost of goodwill measured (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). Problems faced by Wesfarmers in measuring the fair value of Identified Non-Current Assets The business entities generally face great difficulty in assessing the fair value of illiquid assets. As such, the companies face problems at the time of selecting the most appropriate measurement method for recognizing the fair value of their fixed assets. This is because the use of incorrect method for recognizing and measuring the fair value of fixed assets can result in depicting incorrect financial information to the end-users of the financial reports. This can result in causing huge losses to the investors. Also, the companies faces large problem at the time of measuring the fair value of intangible assets such as goodwill. The companies have to invest large amount of time in distinguishing the goodwill into different components for recognizing and measuring its fair value (Measuring Assets and Liabilities, 2007). As such, the selection of the most appropriate fair value measurement method requires significant level of judgment and estimation on management perspective. The comp anies have to comply with the IASB standard of providing useful and understandable information to the investors and thus encounter difficulties in selection of the most appropriate method that would provide relevant information to the end-users (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). These all problems are to be faced by Wesfarmers also in measuring the fair value of its fixed assets as identified above (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). standard is used for measuring the fair value of an asset or liability by estimating the current replacement cost that would be required for replacing the service capacity of an asset. The cost approach used for estimating the fair value of land is not depreciated while the value of building is depreciated through the use of straight-line basis method. On the other hand, the fair value of goodwill measured at cost by deducting the accumulated impairment losses. The measurement method used by the company is reviewed annually by the management for determining the real value of its fixed assets and thus protecting the investors confidence. The company as such also face problem in reviewing the measurement method adopted whenever there us change in the economic circumstances such as change in store performance or changes in the long-term coal price forecasts (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). Critical analysis for determining the practical basis of IASBs approach to fair value measurement for companies with fixed assets not actively traded The international and national accounting standard-setting bodies have mandated the business companies to integrate the use of fair value measurement concept. The use of fair value accounting technique is mandated by the IASB for securing the interests of investors by providing them relevant information for decision-making. However, there has been continuous debate on the usefulness of IASB approach to fair value measurement for companies with fixed assets (Herrmann, Saudagaran and Thomas, 2006). The fair value measurement concept was criticized as it estimates the value of some assets at zero that resulted in the downfall of many business entities. The use of fair value measurement concept makes it rather difficult to identify the managerial fraud and the estimation is more difficult if the company has non-current asset. The fair value amendments are also rather difficult to be understood by the auditors and therefore its application becomes very complicated by the business entities (Alaryan, Haiji and Alrabei, 2014). The IFRS 13 standard adopted by the IASB regarding measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities requires businesses to adopt appropriate valuation techniques to estimate the fair value of its assets. As such, the business having non-current assets rather face difficulty in effectively complying with this IFRS standard as it requires appropriate judgment of management and annual review. Also, special training has to be provided to the auditors and accountant for estimating the fair value of its non-current assets fairly and adequately. This requires companies with non-current assets to develop and establish new procedures for determining the appropriate measurement policies and procedures (Edwards and Walker, 2009). Thus, the use of fair value measurement concept can provide misleading information for the business having assets that fluctuate largely in value throughout the year. Also, the information available from the market in relation to the non-current asset may not indicat e its fundamental value due to market inefficiencies. In addition to this, the manipulation in the price of an asset by a business entity also poses a major risk in assessing the fair value of an asset. This happen mainly in illiquid markets as trading by firms can impact its traded as well as its quoted prices. Therefore, it can be stated from the overall discussion that IASB approach to fair value measurement is not largely practical for companies that operates in illiquid financial market (Scarlata, Sole and Novoa, 2009). Conclusion Thus, it can be stated from the overall discussion that IASB has adopted the IFRS 13 standard in relation to the fair value measurement for improving the quality of financial reporting. However, the business entities having non-current assets also face difficulties in recognizing and measuring the fair value of its fixed assets such as property, plant and equipment. The appropriate use of fair value accounting requires correct judgment and selection on the part of management otherwise it can result in incorrect valuation of the fixed assets of the company. The measurement method also requires annual review on the part of the company in order to ensure that the method adopted is in accordance to the external market conditions. 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