Social Class In William Faulkners Barn Burning - 776 Words

William Faulkner once said, â€Å"We must be free not because we claim freedom, but because we practice it.† This quote is valid in William Faulkner’s short story, Barn Burning, as it demonstrates the difference in social classes and how their status affects the decisions they make. This is evident in Sarty’s response to his father’s actions, the condition in which Sarty’s family lives in and the treatment his family receives, and Sarty’s choices that evidently forced Sarty to betray someone he cares about or be true to himself. The story Barn Burning centralized around a boy name Sarty and his tenant farmer family, forcing Sarty to make a choice between his morality or the bond between him and his father. The short story Barn Burning†¦show more content†¦An example that Faulkner demonstrates that the unequal social classes affect how a person act is when De Spain sue the Snopes for ruining his expensive rug which requires him to pay 20 bushels of corn. This is evident when Abner’s wife screamed Abner! No! No! Oh, God. Oh, God. Abner! to show that barn burning is one of the family’s biggest problem. If Abner manages to burn down De Spain’s barn they would have to move again after just four days of arriving at their current place. In this instance, Abner knows that Sarty would most likely to tell De Spain that he is planning to burn his barn because of Sarty’s morality. In the story Barn Burning, Faulkner uses the Snopes to display that social classes affect how a person sometimes acts or behave to a certain extent. William Faulkner uses the literary of conflict when he decided to make Sarty choose between morality or blood bonds. This will lead to Sarty telling De Spain what is to come â€Å"Barn! Barn!† and in the end, Sarty â€Å"sat now, his back to what he had called home for four days now†(Faulkner). This affects the story because it shows the highlight turn of event in which Sarty decided to reason rather than blood ties. It is evident that the actions of the Justice of the Peace, De Spain, Abner Snopes and others that made Sarty decided to do what he did. Before this all happen, Sarty making his own decision, Sarty choosing his path, De Spain rides out with his gun,Show MoreRelatedBoth sides of the Coin in William Faulkner’s short story, Barn Burning812 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story, â€Å" Barn Burning,† the character Abner Snopes, who is Sarty’s father as well as a main character of the story, stands out the most compared to other characters because of Faulkner’s description with a sense of irony and critic. Faulkner presents multifaceted characteristics in Abner Snopes that makes the readers think beyond the view of the narrator based on logics and circumstances in Abner’s conditions. The setting of ‘‘Barn Burning’’ is the post-Civil War South, theRead MoreWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner s Life1128 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Cuthbert Faulkner is more than a famous Mississippi writer. He is a renowned figure, not only for Southern writers, but for writers throughout the world. Faulkner drew the scenes and characters for his novels and short stories from observations made during his childhood and adult life in his hometown, Oxford, Mississippi. During what is generally considered his period of greatest artistic achieve ment, a span of forty years, from 1929 to 1942, Faulkner accomplished more than most writers accomplishRead MoreAnalysis of Barn Burning Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Faulkners story Barn Burning occurs in the fictive Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi. It is a story set in the 1930s, a decade of the Great Depression when social and economic problems existed. Barn Burning is a story about social inequality, in particular with the rich land owning family de Spain in contrast to the poor tenant farming ways of the Sartoris family. Abner is the father in the family. He is a cold deviant man. His family is constantly moving around because of theRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 Pagesshort stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his stories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s stories create a mood to makeRead MoreWilla Cathers Issues with Realism and The Barn Burner, Paragraphs1059 Words   |  4 Pages1. Willa Cather 2. Willa Cather and the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne 3. The Barn Burner 4. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner 1. Willa Cather seems to take issue with the bland and boring nature of realism above all else. She notes that realism is not in itself an artistic expression, yet so many art forms from literature to paintings—particularly from her time period—portray little more than the realism of our world. In her mind, the literalness that is realism can be successfullyRead MoreComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily William Faulkner has written some of the most unique novels and short stories of any author, and, to this day, his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Both â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† tell about the life of southern people and their struggles with society, but Faulkner used the dramatic settings of these two stories to create a mood unlike any other and make the audience feel like they too were a part of these southernRead MoreAnalysis Of William Faulkner s Barn Burning 1406 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s ‘Barn Burning’, is the tale of a young man by the name of Colonel â€Å"Sarty† Sartoris Snopes, his father, Abner â€Å"Ab† Snopes, and the difference between right and wrong. The story commences in a courtroom, where Ab is on trial for burning a barn. Young Sarty is called to the stand to testify as to what took place, until the plaintiff told the judge he did not want him to question the young chil d. However, Sarty was unsure of the decision he would make if he was questioned. Sarty wasRead MoreEssay about Cultural Criticism of Barn Burning by William Faulkner811 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Criticism of Barn Burning by William Faulkner In William Faulkners Barn Burning, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a racist society. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkners setting is one of the most important literary elements in the story. He takes a young black boy and puts him in a real world of chaos and disorder. In the South, race is one of theRead More Setting in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Viewing on Barn Burning William Faulkner’s use of a setting in a short story, such as â€Å"Barn Burning†, effected the entire outcome of the story from start to finish. In â€Å"Barn Burning†, a young boy must face his father and face the reality of a harsh world. He must also discover for himself that his father is wrong and learn to grow up the right way in a racial environment. Faulkner’s setting is one of the most important literary elements that help the audience understand theRead MoreBarn Burning By William Faulkner935 Words   |  4 Pages William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning,† is about a southern white family that resides in a rural county in Mississippi. The low-income family members are the mother Lennie Snopes, the older brother, two sisters, and an aunt. The story’s main characters are, Colonel Sartoris Snopes, a 10- year-old boy, the father Abner Snopes, the property owner Abner’s boss Major de Spain, and his wife, Mrs. Lula de Spain. Abner Snopes characterized as the antagonist, and Faulkner describes him as an evil, vengeful man

A Study On The Work Of A Teacher At Harvard University Essay

Harvard ( university ) revealed in late August involved a take-home final exam in an undergraduate course with 279 students. The university has not held hearings on the charges, which may take months to resolve.Officials said similarities in test papers suggested that nearly half the class had broken the rules against plagiarism and working together; some of the accused students said their behavior was innocent, or fell into gray areas. Mr mccabe a teacher at harvard university , went around the country and have found that most college students see working with others, even when it is against the rules, as a minor offense or no offense at all. Nearly half take the same view of paraphrasing or copying someone else’s work without attribution and most high school teachers and college professors surveyed fail to pursue some of the violations they find. Who is to blame Experts say that along with students, schools and technology, parents are also to blame. They cite surveys and the work of researchers like Jean M. Twenge, author of the book â€Å" Generation to me .† to make the case that since the 1960s, parenting has shifted away from emphasizing obedience, honor and respect for authority to promoting children’s happiness while stoking their ambitions for material success.â€Å"We have a culture now where we have real trouble accepting that our kids make mistakes and fail, and when they do, we tend to blame someone else,† said Tricia Bertram Gallant( she is the author ofShow MoreRelatedAcademic Movie Writing (the Great Debators)1087 Words   |  5 Pageslength of the movie is 124 minutes. The audio of the movie is Dolby Digital 5.1. The video of this movie is Anamorphic Widescreen 2.35:1. The One part of the movie is about the relationship between teacher and students. It is quite attractive and interesting. 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In our condo, my study room also happens to be my bedroom and the space where I spend most of my time eating, sleeping, and studying. We conducted our interview here in my room. Christopher happens to have a unique perspective regarding college and many different kinds of ideas about high school, which makes him a great interviewee, and also for a great interview. Christopher attended Michigan State University and graduated with a degree in Zoology (no Zoo inRead MoreThe B Dubois s Impact On American Society904 Words   |  4 PagesBurghardt DuBois was born to Alfred Alexander DuBois and Mary Sylvina Burghardt-DuBois. Born and raised in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, DuBois was educated alongside Caucasian children and taught by white teachers as well. In 1885 he migrated to Nashville, Tennessee to attend Fisk University (â€Å"W.E.B DuBois.†). While at Fisk, DuBois encountered irrational racism and Jim Crow laws for the first time. 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Usefulness of the IFRS-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Identify the Principal types of Non-Current (fixed) asset owned by your Chosen Company depending on the company chosen, these may be Intangibles or Tangibles, or both if there are many different types of Non-Current asset, restrict your report to the three most significant types of asset. Answer: Introduction The present report demonstrates the importance of fair value and measurement in the statement of financial positions of business organizations. The term fair value as per the IASB is the price realized by selling an asset or paid through transfer of a liability in a transaction occurring between the market participants on the date of measurement (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). For the purpose, the report presents an analysis of the company having equity share capital listed on a stock exchange. The company selected for the purpose is Wesfarmers Limited operating in the retail sector of Australia. The report, in this context, identifies the major type of fixed assets of a selected company and discusses the problems faced by it for assessing the fair value of these identified assets. In addition to this, the report carries out a critical analysis of whether the IASB approach to fair value measurement is practical for businesses having non-current assets that are not actively tr aded on broad markets. IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement The IASB has developed and adopted the approach to measure fair value in its International Financial Reporting Standard of IFRS 13. The IFRS 13 has defined the fair value as a price that is received for selling an asset or is paid for transferring a liability. The IFRS 13 provides a standard framework to business entities regarding the measurement of fair value. The standard is based on measuring fair value on the basis of market rather than using entity-specific measurement (Abdalrahim and Hammad, 2015). The main objective behind the development of IFRS 13 by IASB is to enhance the consistency and comparability in measurement of fair value. The business entities for assessing the fair value should appropriately determine the respective assets or liabilities whose fair values are to be assessed. However, in the case of measuring the fair value of a fixed asset, the entities should select the valuation premise that is appropriate for its measurement. The business entities under IFRS 1 3 should also determine the major market for the asset or liability by taking into consideration the availability of data within the market that would be used by the participants at the time of pricing an asset or liability (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2017). The IFRS 13 standard also incorporates specific guidelines for providing guidance to business entities in relation to the measurement of fair value. The business entities are required to consider the asset condition and the location and any type of limitations imposed on the sale and asset use. Also, the measurement of fair value requires an orderly transaction to take place between the participants within the market on the date of measuring the assets or liabilities. The fair value of a liability states the non-performance risk that takes into account the credit risk of a business entity. The business enterprises should also use appropriate valuation techniques for measuring the fair value of an asset or liability (Christensen and Nicolaev, 2011). The main purpose the valuation technique is to predict the actual price at which an organized business contract for selling an asset or transferring a liability ocuurs. The main valuation techniques used for measuring the fair value of an asset are market approach, cost approach and income approach. The market approach incorporates the use of price and other information available in the market for carrying out orderly transactions. On the other hand, the cost approach uses the current replacement cost that would be required for replacing the serving ability of an asset. However, the income approach depicts the recent fluctuations in the market by transferring the future amount of cash flows unto a single amount (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). Major types of Non-current (fixed) asset owned by Wesfarmers Limited The non-current assets of a business entity refer to the long-term investments made by it such as in property, plant and equipment. The term non-current asset is used mainly to depict the assets that cannot be easily liquidated, that is they cannot be easily converted into cash. On the other hand, the current assets refer to the assets that can be easily liquidated such as cash or bank accounts (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). The non-current assets of Wesfarmers Limited are described in the present section of the report. Wesfarmers, a recognized retail company of Australia has described its type of non-current assets in the notes to financial statements section of its annual report. The major types of non-current assets recognized by the company are as follows: Freehold Land: The freehold land is categorized by the company under non-current asset of property. As depicted form the balance sheet of the company, the initial value of freehold land at the beginning of the financial year was $1,547m. The subsequent addition to its value of $118 m was made during the year. The acquisition of its controlled entities increased its value to $49m and foreign exchange movements also raised its value by $3m. On the other hand, disposals and write-offs decreased its value by $247m. Thus, at the end of the financial year the value of freehold land was $1,470m. The fair value of freehold land was measured by the company with the use of cost approach as stated by IFRS 13 standard. The cost of the asset has included all the cost of replacing parts subjected to capitalization and also includes the cost of major inspections. The freehold land non-current asset is not subjected to depreciation and amortization (Wesfarmers: Annual Report, 2016). Buildings: The buildings represent another type of non-current asset owned by Wesfarmers as depicted in its balance sheet in the annual report of the company. The net carrying amount of buildings at the beginning of the financial year 2016 is $928m. The subsequent additions increased its value by $272m and acquisition of controlled entities further raised its value by $29m. On the other hand, the disposal, write-offs, depreciation, transfers between classes and foreign exchange movements decreased its value. The net carrying amount at the end of the financial year is $926m. The carrying value of the buildings is measured as the cost of asset minus deprecation and impairment. The fair value of buildings is measured through the use of cost approach in accordance with the IFRS 13 standard. The deprecation is calculated through the use of straight-line basis method and estimated useful life of buildings is assessed to be between 20-40 years (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). Goodwill: The goodwill is depicted as intangible non-current asset in the balance sheet of Wesfarmers Limited. The net carrying amount of the goodwill as depicted in the balance sheet of the company is $14,708m. The acquisition of controlled entities has increased the value of goodwill. On the other hand, the impairment charge and foreign exchange movements have decreased the value of goodwill. Thus, the net carrying amount of the goodwill at the end of the financial year is $14,448m. The fair value of goodwill is measured by the use of cost approach. The cost is measured as the cost of business combined by deducting the net fair value of acquired and identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. The accumulated impairment losses are deducted from the cost of goodwill measured (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). Problems faced by Wesfarmers in measuring the fair value of Identified Non-Current Assets The business entities generally face great difficulty in assessing the fair value of illiquid assets. As such, the companies face problems at the time of selecting the most appropriate measurement method for recognizing the fair value of their fixed assets. This is because the use of incorrect method for recognizing and measuring the fair value of fixed assets can result in depicting incorrect financial information to the end-users of the financial reports. This can result in causing huge losses to the investors. Also, the companies faces large problem at the time of measuring the fair value of intangible assets such as goodwill. The companies have to invest large amount of time in distinguishing the goodwill into different components for recognizing and measuring its fair value (Measuring Assets and Liabilities, 2007). As such, the selection of the most appropriate fair value measurement method requires significant level of judgment and estimation on management perspective. The comp anies have to comply with the IASB standard of providing useful and understandable information to the investors and thus encounter difficulties in selection of the most appropriate method that would provide relevant information to the end-users (IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement, 2010). These all problems are to be faced by Wesfarmers also in measuring the fair value of its fixed assets as identified above (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). standard is used for measuring the fair value of an asset or liability by estimating the current replacement cost that would be required for replacing the service capacity of an asset. The cost approach used for estimating the fair value of land is not depreciated while the value of building is depreciated through the use of straight-line basis method. On the other hand, the fair value of goodwill measured at cost by deducting the accumulated impairment losses. The measurement method used by the company is reviewed annually by the management for determining the real value of its fixed assets and thus protecting the investors confidence. The company as such also face problem in reviewing the measurement method adopted whenever there us change in the economic circumstances such as change in store performance or changes in the long-term coal price forecasts (Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016). Critical analysis for determining the practical basis of IASBs approach to fair value measurement for companies with fixed assets not actively traded The international and national accounting standard-setting bodies have mandated the business companies to integrate the use of fair value measurement concept. The use of fair value accounting technique is mandated by the IASB for securing the interests of investors by providing them relevant information for decision-making. However, there has been continuous debate on the usefulness of IASB approach to fair value measurement for companies with fixed assets (Herrmann, Saudagaran and Thomas, 2006). The fair value measurement concept was criticized as it estimates the value of some assets at zero that resulted in the downfall of many business entities. The use of fair value measurement concept makes it rather difficult to identify the managerial fraud and the estimation is more difficult if the company has non-current asset. The fair value amendments are also rather difficult to be understood by the auditors and therefore its application becomes very complicated by the business entities (Alaryan, Haiji and Alrabei, 2014). The IFRS 13 standard adopted by the IASB regarding measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities requires businesses to adopt appropriate valuation techniques to estimate the fair value of its assets. As such, the business having non-current assets rather face difficulty in effectively complying with this IFRS standard as it requires appropriate judgment of management and annual review. Also, special training has to be provided to the auditors and accountant for estimating the fair value of its non-current assets fairly and adequately. This requires companies with non-current assets to develop and establish new procedures for determining the appropriate measurement policies and procedures (Edwards and Walker, 2009). Thus, the use of fair value measurement concept can provide misleading information for the business having assets that fluctuate largely in value throughout the year. Also, the information available from the market in relation to the non-current asset may not indicat e its fundamental value due to market inefficiencies. In addition to this, the manipulation in the price of an asset by a business entity also poses a major risk in assessing the fair value of an asset. This happen mainly in illiquid markets as trading by firms can impact its traded as well as its quoted prices. Therefore, it can be stated from the overall discussion that IASB approach to fair value measurement is not largely practical for companies that operates in illiquid financial market (Scarlata, Sole and Novoa, 2009). Conclusion Thus, it can be stated from the overall discussion that IASB has adopted the IFRS 13 standard in relation to the fair value measurement for improving the quality of financial reporting. However, the business entities having non-current assets also face difficulties in recognizing and measuring the fair value of its fixed assets such as property, plant and equipment. The appropriate use of fair value accounting requires correct judgment and selection on the part of management otherwise it can result in incorrect valuation of the fixed assets of the company. The measurement method also requires annual review on the part of the company in order to ensure that the method adopted is in accordance to the external market conditions. References Abdalrahim, A.A. and Hammad, S.M. 2015. The Impact of the Application of Fair Value Accounting on the Quality of Accounting Information. An Empirical Study on a Group of Companies Listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences 5 (1), pp. 148160. Alaryan, L., Haija, A. and Alrabei, A. 2014. The Relationship between Fair Value Accounting and Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 4(1), pp. 221-237. Christensen, H. B. and Nicolaev, V. V. 2011. Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test? Review of Accounting Studies 18 (3), pp. 734-775. Edwards, J.R. and Walker, S. 2009. The Routledge Companion to Accounting History. Routledge. Herrmann, D., Saudagaran, S. M. and Thomas, W. B. 2006. The quality of fair value measures for property, plant, and equipment. Accounting Forum 30 (1), pp. 43-59. IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. 2017. [Online]. Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ifrs/ifrs13 [Accessed on: 24 August 2017]. IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. 2010. Online]. Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/ifrs-factsheets/factsheet-ifrs13-fair-value-measurement.pdf?la=en [Accessed on: 24 August 2017]. Measuring Assets and Liabilities. 2007. [Online]. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/ifrs-reporting/pdf/measuringassetssurvey.pdf [Accessed on: 24 August 2017]. Scarlata, J., Sole, J. and Novoa, A. 2009. Procyclicality and Fair Value Accounting. International Monetary Fund. Wesfarmers: Annual Report. 2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4

What leaf-fringd legend haunts about thy shape Essays - Literature

What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy shape Of deities or mortals, or of both, In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? What men or gods are these? What maidens loth? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy? Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; In this stanza, John keats uses imagery to stimulate audience's imagination of depiction. Keats vividly paints the depictions on the urn with several questions to the urn. He points out the main character as a "legend", however, he couldn't figure the surroundings of the legend but assumes the legend is located "in Tempe or the dales of Arcady". The location establishes peaceful and tranquil atmosphere as both locations are based on rural areas. Furthermore, he embellishes the sound of the depiction, especially the legend, with its "sweeter" "unheard" "melodies". The "unheard" "melodies" on the depiction suggests the fulfillment and the contentment of imagination and anticipation. A melody or music played in our mind is played perfectly. Therefore, Keats believed that imagining something is more contented than the reality. He thinks that expectation sometimes disappoints the real result.

Airborne Express 6 Essays

Airborne Express 6 Essays Airborne Express 6 Essay Airborne Express 6 Essay To: Robert Brazier Senior Management Team of Airborne Express From: Strategic Analyst Re: Recommendations and Implementations for recent issues in Airborne Express Executive Summary: Airborne Express has many options available for sustainable growth and success in the coming years. After the recent 29% increase in revenue over the past year, there are opportunities to take into consideration that will boost this growth for the fourth quarter. This company should join the â€Å"industry trend† of distance-based pricing. This will result in higher revenues, and will give Airborne Express a more substantial budget to merge with Roadway Package System in order to create a more technologically advanced tracking system. This will not only increase revenues, but will also gain customer support by offering a new service. Although the express-delivery industry is extremely difficult to differentiate, it is necessary for Airborne express to keep up with Federal Express and United Parcel Service to ensure they maintain a competitive advantage in the industry. While UPS is experiencing a strike, Airborne Express should take advantage of the distance-based pricing and possibly gain customers of UPS who saw RPS as a luxury service. Mission of Airborne Express: After the recent UPS strike, Airborne Express has experienced substantial financial results of a revenue increase of 29% over the previous year. The main concern for Airborne Express now is to recognize how secure their position currently is held in the industry. There are several ways to measure the success of this company, and I have found it most useful to use Porter’s Five Forces Model to analyze the options. I have focused mainly on whether or not Airborne Express should follow the path of their major competitors, UPS and Federal Express, and move toward distance-based pricing. Also, the approach that Airborne Express takes with the international market needs to be taken into consideration with a â€Å"variable-cost approach†. The Roadway Package System (RPS) partnership should be further analyzed and possibly made into a more concrete operation. Marketing, technology, and employee satisfaction should also be considered for the future success of this company. By focusing on distance-based pricing, maintaining international operations at a variable-cost approach, and forming more of an existent relationship with RPS, it will lead to a definitive strategy to sustain the competitive advantage of Airborne Express. Environmental Scanning of Airborne Express: Rivalry: This industry consists of 3 major companies, including Airborne Express, Federal Express, and UPS. The prices between UPS and Federal Express cause severe competition between these companies. Revenue growth has been unstable within each company due to decreasing prices in order to reach the top of the competition. Innovations in this industry remain minimal, and they are easily copied by other players in the industry. This makes differentiating a difficult task, especially for Airborne Express. By using the competitors as guinea pigs, it will make it almost impossible to ever overcome it’s key competitors. Because the products are priced extremely low in this industry, producing return is based merely on a high volume of sales. It seems as if since 1990, when UPS and Federal Express began â€Å"price wars†, the attractiveness to this industry has declined. Supplier Power: Lower industry attraction has also been a result of the main suppliers of this industry, the employees. The recent strike at UPS was caused by the employees demanding higher wages and benefits. The next most important supplier in this industry is airports, followed by fuel. These both are factors that this industry has little to no control over. Clearly, technology and other equipment supply a great deal to the express mail industry, and these factors are capable of being negotiated. Threat of Substitutes: When dealing with this industry, there are minimal substitutes at stake. Fortunately, people will continue to demand express deliveries. E-mailing could possibly have a small effect on this industry, but this is not an option for most deliverable items, as well as legal documents. Depending on the urgency of a package being delivered, regular mailing systems propose a small threat on this industry. It obviously costs less, but it doesn’t compare at all to the convenience of express delivery services. Buyer Power: The major consumers in this industry are basically anyone who intends on sending a package or letter to someone urgently or with the most convenience. It seems as if businesses use this industry the most, considering the importance of delivering and receiving products and other necessities to keep a company stable and on top of their game. Because there is barely any differentiation in this industry, it allows customers to easily shop around for the best prices. This raises price sensitivity and gives the consumer more customer power. Barriers to Entry: The threat of new entries in this industry is equally low as the threat of substitutes. There are few major players involved here, and it shows that for a new one to even exist they would need to have the capability of covering a large amount of cities in the United States. In order to have a main convenient center of business, as well as aircraft and an extensive amount of vehicles calls for a high capital investment. This would be extremely difficult for any new entries to be accountable for and would take years of hard work and sustainability to achieve economies of scale in this industry. Strategy Formulation: Given the information from the environmental scan, I find that it is most beneficial to begin following UPS and Federal Express with a distance-based pricing method. This will unfortunately increase prices, but it can be made up for with decreasing costs to the company by increasing the relationship with Roadway Package System. Airborne Express can set prices so that their margins will increase. To decrease costs for the company, a long-term relationship can be formed with RPS. By merging with this company, Airborne Express can create a much more convenient tracking system for the customers. RPS can give Airborne Express a competitive advantage by allowing them to establish more efficient pricing methods. I feel as if Airborne Express should continue the variable-cost approach with international shipments, and I agree with the senior officers that â€Å"there are no significant service advantages which would justify the operation of [our] own aircraft on international routes. A possibility for growth in Airborne Express would be to boost their technologies, such as updating the Internet site. Currently it does not offer as many functions as those of UPS and Federal Express, and I feel as if the use of the internet to schedule pickups and/or create shipping paperwork will be in demand in the coming years with advancing technologies. Considering Airborne employees described t he company as â€Å"strait-laced†, â€Å"frugal†, and â€Å"very conservative†, it would be beneficial to ensure that the middle-management is offered proper compensation to increase employee turnover in the future. Strategy Implementation: In order to maintain a competitive advantage in Airborne Express, following the distance-based pricing method will include increasing prices for longer distance deliveries and decreasing them for shorter distances. This will not only give Airborne Express a great opportunity to increase their margins, but they will not lose many customers in the process. This new form of pricing is considered an industry trend to consumers. Federal Express and UPS both have been successful with this method, and as mentioned earlier there is not much differentiation between these competitors. Even by implementing this method, Airborne Express can still maintain the lowest costs in their industry. By increasing prices at one end more than decreasing prices at another end, some amount of margin growth will occur. The fact that Airborne Express is a â€Å"low-cost strategy† company does show that they simply charge lower prices, but they have not developed a lower cost structure because it has extremely low margins. Although they hold a specific reputation with lower prices than their competitors, the distance-based pricing method also could lead to higher revenues that they seem to be missing out on. The company would be able to produce a higher profit from longer-distance deliveries. By forming a more concrete relationship with RPS, I feel that Airborne Express will be capable of offering their customers superior information and tracking systems. If they plan on increasing prices, it is necessary to offer customers some form of incentive or â€Å"willingness to pay†. Higher revenues will be expected if a relationship is built with RPS, considering a higher quality service will be provided. This could possibly take away market share from UPS. Because of the large amount of ground shipments made with Airborne Express, RPS can attract more customers and boost the margins for the company over the coming years. Airborne Express will not be able to differentiate itself in this industry, but I feel that if it is unable to do so, the only other option would be to keep up with it’s competitors as much as possible. In doing so, they should begin by re-formatting the company website and upgrading it to allow customers to perform the same tasks as those on the sites of UPS and Federal Express. Technology will only continue to enhance in the future, and people will begin demanding these kinds of advancements. It is also necessary that advertising in the mass media should be taken into consideration in the near future. Although Airborne Express was the first company in the industry to accommodate early deliveries, now each of its competitors is capable of an 8 A. M. delivery. Customer needs are important to maintaining a competitive advantage in this industry, so I feel as if Airborne Express should expand their marketing. Before anything I find it most necessary to move on to distance-based pricing and forming a more concrete relationship with RPS. With the new tracking system, middle-management will need to be trained properly to work with the computers and new technology. Offering middle-management, those who are not part of a union, enhanced pay rates will hopefully give Airborne a better reputation with their employees and they will feel properly compensated for their new tasks. Evaluation and Control: For the upcoming fourth quarter, Airborne Express should join the industry with distance-based pricing; they will produce even higher revenues than those of the third quarter. The attached graph I have compiled is based on the latest revenue per shipment given at $8. 25 in 2006. At first, without this current flat-rate price system, it looks as if revenues will be under $8. 25 if the distance is less than 150 miles. I have shown that with distance less than 150 miles, revenue will be about $2. 00 less. This doesn’t ean the company is losing revenue, because when the distance exceeds 150 miles the revenue begins to increase heavily. The slight loss with shipments of less distance will easily be made up for and revenues will almost double with shipments with a longer distance. I also found that it would be beneficial to add an extra rate for â€Å"Remote Locations†. These locations can be Airborne’s decision, and could consist of particular locations that propose d ifficulty shipping to. For example, a small city which does not have a major shipping hub could be considered a Remote Location. The rate can range anywhere from $20 to $30. This rate would clearly increase revenue, and would offer customers the advantage of shipping their package to any location in the country. This would be appealing to consumers, because they would still use Airborne Express for their local shipments, and it would save them money in the end. Building a more concrete relationship with RPS will enable Airborne Express to have a more convenient tracking system for the customers. The RPS partnership is crucial to the future of this company. The cost to build on a tracking system will be minimal, and will only consist of a small portion of the extra revenue created by the new distance-based pricing system and â€Å"Remote Location† rate. This new system will allow Airborne Express to take advantage of the current main concern for their company, which I consider the tracking system. Having extra funds to merge with RPS will place Airborne Express in a concrete position with the technological future. In order to run the new tracking system properly it will be necessary to employ people who are capable of using these technologies. This could possibly require higher pay rates to middle management. These pay rates will also be reflected on the implementation of the distance-based pricing system revenues. In the end, the loss with giving higher compensations will be beneficial for the future success of the company. With these recommendations and implementations, Airborne Express will have no problem keeping up with the two â€Å"900-pound gorillas† in the industry and will maintain sustainable growth in the future. Bibliography â€Å"Airborne Express. † Rivkin, Jan W. Case No. 9-798-070. Published 02/05/1998, Revised 5/23/2007. Harvard Business School Publishing, (23 pages). [pic]

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